INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ON PEACEFUL NUCLEAR ENERGY
Keywords:
international cooperation, peaceful nuclear energy, NPT, IAEA, safeguards, technology transfer, nuclear governance, international law, sustainable developmentAbstract
international cooperation in the peaceful use of nuclear energy remains one of the cornerstones of modern global governance. This cooperation reflects the delicate balance between promoting access to nuclear technology for civilian purposes and ensuring compliance with non-proliferation, safety, and security obligations. This article explores the legal and institutional frameworks that enable such cooperation, focusing on the role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and a range of multilateral initiatives. It further analyses the challenges posed by technological disparities, dual-use concerns, and geopolitical competition, arguing that renewed multilateralism and equitable access to technology are essential for sustaining peaceful nuclear development in the twenty-first century.
References
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² Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, opened for signature 1 July 1968, 729 UNTS 161 (entered into force 5 March 1970).
³ Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency, opened for signature 26 October 1956, 276 UNTS 3 (entered into force 29 July 1957).
⁴ Pelindaba Treaty (African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty), opened for signature 11 April 1996, 35 ILM 698.
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